Irangi rya sulfide ni ubwoko bw'irangi ririmo sulfure rifite imiterere igoye ya molekile. Muri rusange rikorwa muri amine zimwe na zimwe zihumura neza, aminofenoli n'ibindi binyabutabire bishyushye na sulfure cyangwa sodium polysulfide, ni ukuvuga vulcanized.
Irangi rya sulfide akenshi ntirishongera mu mazi, kandi iyo rishyizwe mu irangi, rigomba gushonga mu gikoresho cya sodium sulfide cyangwa ifu y’ubwishingizi bwa alkaline kugira ngo rigabanuke ribe imyenge, hanyuma rigashyirwa mu cyuma gishyushya kugira ngo rigaragaze ibara nyuma yo kwinjiza fibre.
Incamake y'irangi rya sulfure
Amarangi ya Vulcanized yakozwe kugira ngo akoreshwe mu gusiga irangi muri fibre ya cellulose ku nshuro ya mbere kuva mu 1873, kandi uburyo bwo kuyakora bworoshye, muri rusange akozwe mu byuma bihumura neza cyangwa ibintu bya phenolic bivanze na sulfur cyangwa sodium polysulfide kandi bigashyuha. Birahendutse, biroroshye gukoresha, nta ndwara yo kurwanya kanseri, hamwe no koga neza no kwihuta kw'izuba, ni irangi rikunzwe cyane. Ariko, kubera ko ari ubwoko bw'amarangi adashonga mu mazi, iyo ashyizwe mu marangi, agabanukaho umunyu wa sodium ushonga mu gisubizo cya alkali sulfide, nyuma yo gusiga irangi mu marangi y'abantu, nyuma yo gusiga irangi kugira ngo ritashonga rishyirwe kuri fibre, bityo uburyo bwo gusiga irangi buragoye, kandi iyo habayeho alkaline ikomeye ntishobora gukoreshwa mu bwoya, ubudodo n'izindi fibre za poroteyine.
Kubwibyo, amarangi ya vulcanized akoreshwa cyane cyane mu gusiga irangi ku migozi ya cellulose, cyane cyane mu gusiga irangi ryijimye ry’imyenda y’ipamba, aho amabara abiri ya Sulfide ari ubwoko bw’irangi ririmo sulfur rifite imiterere igoye ya molekile. Muri rusange rikorwa na amine zimwe na zimwe zihumura, aminophenols n’izindi organic compounds zishyushye na sulfur cyangwa sodium polysulfide, ni ukuvuga vulcanized.
Irangi rya sulfide akenshi ntirishongera mu mazi, kandi iyo rishyizwe mu irangi, rigomba gushonga mu gikoresho cya sodium sulfide cyangwa ifu y’ubwishingizi bwa alkaline kugira ngo rigabanuke ribe imyenge, hanyuma rigashyirwa mu cyuma gishyushya kugira ngo rigaragaze ibara nyuma yo kwinjiza fibre.
Incamake y'irangi rya sulfure
Amarangi ya Vulcanized yakozwe kugira ngo akoreshwe mu gusiga irangi muri fibre ya cellulose ku nshuro ya mbere kuva mu 1873, kandi uburyo bwo kuyakora bworoshye, muri rusange akozwe mu byuma bihumura neza cyangwa ibintu bya phenolic bivanze na sulfur cyangwa sodium polysulfide kandi bigashyuha. Birahendutse, biroroshye gukoresha, nta ndwara yo kurwanya kanseri, hamwe no koga neza no kwihuta kw'izuba, ni irangi rikunzwe cyane. Ariko, kubera ko ari ubwoko bw'amarangi adashonga mu mazi, iyo ashyizwe mu marangi, agabanukaho umunyu wa sodium ushonga mu gisubizo cya alkali sulfide, nyuma yo gusiga irangi mu marangi y'abantu, nyuma yo gusiga irangi kugira ngo ritashonga rishyirwe kuri fibre, bityo uburyo bwo gusiga irangi buragoye, kandi iyo habayeho alkaline ikomeye ntishobora gukoreshwa mu bwoya, ubudodo n'izindi fibre za poroteyine.
Kubwibyo, amarangi ya vulcanized akoreshwa cyane cyane mu gusiga irangi ku migozi ya cellulose, cyane cyane mu gusiga irangi ku bicuruzwa byijimye by'imyenda ya kotoni, aho amabara menshi yaumukara wa sulfurenaubururu bwa sulfure
irangi ry'umukara wijimye rya sulfur
ibara ritukura rya sulfure lgf
ibara ry'umuhondo 10 ry'umuhondo w'umukara
ifu y'umuhondo ya sulfure 2
ifu itukura ya sulfure bordeaux 3b
ni zo zikoreshwa cyane.
Icya kabiri, uburyo amarangi ya sulfide akoreshwa mu gusiga irangi
Ibara rya sulfide riragabanuka rigashonga mu buryo bw'irangi, maze ibara rya leucochroma rikorwa rigaterwa n'imigozi ya selulose hanyuma rigatunganywa n'umwuka ushyushye kugira ngo imigozi ya selulose yerekane ibara ryifuzwa. Uburyo bwo gukora irangi ryabyo ni
DS-SO3Na + Na2S → D-SNa + Na2S2O3
Ibara rya sulfide nta bufatanye na fibre rigira, kandi imiterere yaryo irimo imigozi ya sulfure (1 S 1), imigozi ya disulfide (1 s - S) cyangwa imigozi ya polysulfide (1 Sx 1), bigabanywa na hydrogen sulfide (1 SNa) bitewe n'ibikorwa bya sodium sulfide reduction agents, maze bikaba umunyu wa sodium leucochromic ushonga mu mazi. Impamvu leucochromes zifite ubufatanye bwiza na fibre ya cellulose ni uko molekile z'amabara ari nini, ibyo bigatuma habaho imbaraga nini za van der Waals n'imbaraga za hydrogen bonding hagati y'imigozi.
Iii. Gushyira mu byiciro amarangi ya sulfure
Irangi rya sulfide rishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bine:
1, irangi rya sulfide y'ifu
Imiterere y'irangi muri rusange: DSSD, muri rusange hakenewe gukoreshwa sodium sulfide ishyushye, ishongeshejwe nyuma yo kuyikoresha.
2, amarangi ya sulfide ya hydrolytic
Imiterere rusange y'irangi: D-SSO3Na, ubwoko bw'irangi bukozwe muri sodium sulfite cyangwa sodium bisulfite mu kuvura amarangi gakondo ya sulfite, amarangi arimo amatsinda ashongera mu mazi, bityo akaba ashongera mu mazi, ariko irangi ntiririmo ibintu bigabanya ubukana, nta bufatanye ku migozi, muri rusange hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusiga amarangi ku mwenda.
3, irangi rya sulfide y'amazi
Uburyo rusange bw'imiterere y'irangi ni: D-SNa, irimo ingano runaka y'ikintu kigabanya irangi, irangi rigabanywa mbere y'uko riba leptochroma ishongesha.
Mbere ya 1936, irangi ryakozwe mu buryo bwa vulcanized ryari mu buryo bw'ifu nk'uko ryagurishwaga. Iyo ryakoreshwaga, irangi ryakozwe mu buryo bwa vulcanized ryashyushywaga kugira ngo riteke hamwe n'umuti w'amazi wakozwe mu buryo bwa vulcanized, soda aqueur kugira ngo rishonge. Mu 1936, John Le Clester wo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika yakoze umuti mwiza kandi uhamye wa sulfide, kandi yabonye patenti, ubu izwi nka liquid sulfide color.
4, irangi rya sulfide ririnda ibidukikije
Mu gihe cyo gukora, iratunganywa mu buryo bwo gusiga irangi, ariko ingano ya sulfure na polysulfide ni nke cyane ugereranyije n’iy’irangi risanzwe rya sulfide. Irangi rifite ubuziranenge bwinshi, ingano ihamye yo kugabanya kandi rituma rishobora kwinjira neza. Muri icyo gihe, isukari n’ifu y’ubwishingizi binary binure bikoreshwa mu bwogero bw’irangi, ibyo bikaba bitagabanya irangi rya sulfide gusa ahubwo binagira uruhare mu kurengera ibidukikije.
Icya kane, uburyo bwo gusiga irangi ry'amabara ya sulfide
Uburyo bwo gusiga irangi mu buryo bwa vulcanization bushobora kugabanywamo intambwe enye zikurikira:
1. Kugabanya amarangi
Biroroshye kugabanya no gushonga irangi rya sulfide, kandi sodium sulfide ikunze gukoreshwa nk'ikintu kigabanya irangi, ikaba inakora nk'ikintu kigabanya irangi. Kugira ngo hirindwe ko leucophore idashonga, ibintu nk'ivu rya soda bishobora kongerwamo uko bikwiye, ariko alkaline yo mu mazi ishobora kugabanuka ntishobora kuba ikomeye cyane, bitabaye ibyo igipimo cyo kugabanya irangi kizagenda buhoro.
2, irangi riri mu gisubizo cy'irangi rinyurwamo n'umugozi
Ibara rya sulfide rya leucophore ribaho mu rugero rwa anion mu gisubizo cy'irangi, rifite imiterere itaziguye kuri fibre ya cellulose, rishobora kwinjizwa ku buso bwa fibre hanyuma rikagera imbere muri fibre. Imiterere itaziguye ya sulfure kuri fibre ya cellulose ni mike, muri rusange hakoreshejwe ikigereranyo gito cyo koga, mu gihe hongewemo electrolytes zikwiye, iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru bushobora kongera umuvuduko wo gusiga irangi, uburinganire n'ubujyakuzimu.
3, kuvura ogisijeni
Nyuma yo gusiga irangi kuri fibre, irangi rya sulfur leuco rigomba gushyirwaho ogisijeni kugira ngo rigaragaze ibara ryifuzwa. Gusiga irangi ni intambwe y'ingenzi nyuma yo gusiga irangi rya vulcanized. Irangi rya vulcanized ryoroshye gukaraba rishobora gushyirwaho ogisijeni n'umwuka nyuma yo gukaraba no guhumeka, ni ukuvuga uburyo bwo gusiga irangi mu mwuka; Kuri amwe mu marangi ya sulfide atoroshye gukaraba, ibikoresho bigabanya ogisijeni bikoreshwa mu guteza imbere ogisijeni.
4. Nyuma yo gutunganya
Nyuma yo kuvurwa harimo gusukura, gusiga amavuta, kurwanya imiringoti no gushyiraho ibara. Amarangi ya sulfure agomba kozwa neza nyuma yo gusiga irangi kugira ngo agabanye sulfure isigaye ku mwenda kandi wirinde ko imyenda icika intege, kuko sulfure iri mu irangi na sulfure biri muri alkali sulfide byoroshye gukaraba mu kirere kugira ngo bikore aside sulfure, ibyo bikazatuma aside hydrolysis ya fibre ya cellulose igabanuka kandi bigabanye imbaraga za fibre fragile. Kubwibyo, ishobora kuvurwa n'ibintu birwanya imiringoti, nka: urea, trisodium phosphate, gukurura amagufwa, sodium acetate, nibindi. Kugira ngo hongerwe ubushobozi bwo gukoresha imirasire y'izuba no kwihuta kw'isabune y'amabara ya vulcanized, ibara rishobora gukosorwa nyuma yo gusiga irangi. Hari uburyo bubiri bwo kuvura: kuvura umunyu w'icyuma (nk'ibi: potassium dichromate, copper sulfate, copper acetate n'uruvange rw'iyi myunyu) no kuvura cationic color fixing agent.
Umukara n'ubururu bwa vulcanized ni byo bikoreshwa cyane.
Icya kabiri, uburyo amarangi ya sulfide akoreshwa mu gusiga irangi
Ibara rya sulfide riragabanuka rigashonga mu buryo bw'irangi, maze ibara rya leucochroma rikorwa rigaterwa n'imigozi ya selulose hanyuma rigatunganywa n'umwuka ushyushye kugira ngo imigozi ya selulose yerekane ibara ryifuzwa. Uburyo bwo gukora irangi ryabyo ni
DS-SO3Na + Na2S → D-SNa + Na2S2O3
Ibara rya sulfide nta bufatanye na fibre rigira, kandi imiterere yaryo irimo imigozi ya sulfure (1 S 1), imigozi ya disulfide (1 s - S) cyangwa imigozi ya polysulfide (1 Sx 1), bigabanywa na hydrogen sulfide (1 SNa) bitewe n'ibikorwa bya sodium sulfide reduction agents, maze bikaba umunyu wa sodium leucochromic ushonga mu mazi. Impamvu leucochromes zifite ubufatanye bwiza na fibre ya cellulose ni uko molekile z'amabara ari nini, ibyo bigatuma habaho imbaraga nini za van der Waals n'imbaraga za hydrogen bonding hagati y'imigozi.
Iii. Gushyira mu byiciro amarangi ya sulfure
Irangi rya sulfide rishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bine:
1, irangi rya sulfide y'ifu
Imiterere y'irangi muri rusange: DSSD, muri rusange hakenewe gukoreshwa sodium sulfide ishyushye, ishongeshejwe nyuma yo kuyikoresha.
2, amarangi ya sulfide ya hydrolytic
Imiterere rusange y'irangi: D-SSO3Na, ubwoko bw'irangi bukozwe muri sodium sulfite cyangwa sodium bisulfite mu kuvura amarangi gakondo ya sulfite, amarangi arimo amatsinda ashongera mu mazi, bityo akaba ashongera mu mazi, ariko irangi ntiririmo ibintu bigabanya ubukana, nta bufatanye ku migozi, muri rusange hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusiga amarangi ku mwenda.3, irangi rya sulfite y'amazi
Uburyo rusange bw'imiterere y'irangi ni: D-SNa, irimo ingano runaka y'ikintu kigabanya irangi, irangi rigabanywa mbere y'uko riba leptochroma ishongesha.
Mbere ya 1936, irangi ryakozwe mu buryo bwa vulcanized ryari mu buryo bw'ifu nk'uko ryagurishwaga. Iyo ryakoreshwaga, irangi ryakozwe mu buryo bwa vulcanized ryashyushywaga kugira ngo riteke hamwe n'umuti w'amazi wakozwe mu buryo bwa vulcanized, soda aqueur kugira ngo rishonge. Mu 1936, John Le Clester wo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika yakoze umuti mwiza kandi uhamye wa sulfide, kandi yabonye patenti, ubu izwi nka liquid sulfide color.
4, irangi rya sulfide ririnda ibidukikije
Mu gihe cyo gukora, iratunganywa mu buryo bwo gusiga irangi, ariko ingano ya sulfure na polysulfide ni nke cyane ugereranyije n’iy’irangi risanzwe rya sulfide. Irangi rifite ubuziranenge bwinshi, ingano ihamye yo kugabanya kandi rituma rishobora kwinjira neza. Muri icyo gihe, isukari n’ifu y’ubwishingizi binary binure bikoreshwa mu bwogero bw’irangi, ibyo bikaba bitagabanya irangi rya sulfide gusa ahubwo binagira uruhare mu kurengera ibidukikije.
Icya kane, uburyo bwo gusiga irangi ry'amabara ya sulfide
Uburyo bwo gusiga irangi mu buryo bwa vulcanization bushobora kugabanywamo intambwe enye zikurikira:
1. Kugabanya amarangi
Biroroshye kugabanya no gushonga irangi rya sulfide, kandi sodium sulfide ikunze gukoreshwa nk'ikintu kigabanya irangi, ikaba inakora nk'ikintu kigabanya irangi. Kugira ngo hirindwe ko leucophore idashonga, ibintu nk'ivu rya soda bishobora kongerwamo uko bikwiye, ariko alkaline yo mu mazi ishobora kugabanuka ntishobora kuba ikomeye cyane, bitabaye ibyo igipimo cyo kugabanya irangi kizagenda buhoro.
2, irangi riri mu gisubizo cy'irangi rinyurwamo n'umugozi
Ibara rya sulfide rya leucophore ribaho mu rugero rwa anion mu gisubizo cy'irangi, rifite imiterere itaziguye kuri fibre ya cellulose, rishobora kwinjizwa ku buso bwa fibre hanyuma rikagera imbere muri fibre. Imiterere itaziguye ya sulfure kuri fibre ya cellulose ni mike, muri rusange hakoreshejwe ikigereranyo gito cyo koga, mu gihe hongewemo electrolytes zikwiye, iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru bushobora kongera umuvuduko wo gusiga irangi, uburinganire n'ubujyakuzimu.
3, kuvura ogisijeni
Nyuma yo gusiga irangi kuri fibre, irangi rya sulfur leuco rigomba gushyirwaho ogisijeni kugira ngo rigaragaze ibara ryifuzwa. Gusiga irangi ni intambwe y'ingenzi nyuma yo gusiga irangi rya vulcanized. Irangi rya vulcanized ryoroshye gukaraba rishobora gushyirwaho ogisijeni n'umwuka nyuma yo gukaraba no guhumeka, ni ukuvuga uburyo bwo gusiga irangi mu mwuka; Kuri amwe mu marangi ya sulfide atoroshye gukaraba, ibikoresho bigabanya ogisijeni bikoreshwa mu guteza imbere ogisijeni.
4. Nyuma yo gutunganya
Nyuma yo kuvurwa harimo gusukura, gusiga amavuta, kurwanya imiringoti no gushyiraho ibara. Amarangi ya sulfure agomba kozwa neza nyuma yo gusiga irangi kugira ngo agabanye sulfure isigaye ku mwenda kandi wirinde ko imyenda icika intege, kuko sulfure iri mu irangi na sulfure biri muri alkali sulfide byoroshye gukaraba mu kirere kugira ngo bikore aside sulfure, ibyo bikazatuma aside hydrolysis ya fibre ya cellulose igabanuka kandi bigabanye imbaraga za fibre fragile. Kubwibyo, ishobora kuvurwa n'ibintu birwanya imiringoti, nka: urea, trisodium phosphate, gukurura amagufwa, sodium acetate, nibindi. Kugira ngo hongerwe ubushobozi bwo gukoresha imirasire y'izuba no kwihuta kw'isabune y'amabara ya vulcanized, ibara rishobora gukosorwa nyuma yo gusiga irangi. Hari uburyo bubiri bwo kuvura: kuvura umunyu w'icyuma (nk'ibi: potassium dichromate, copper sulfate, copper acetate n'uruvange rw'iyi myunyu) no kuvura cationic color fixing agent.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 19-2023